NEU1 and Pasteurella hemorrhagic septicemia: In contrast to the 20 virulence genes reported by Li et al. [55], AH01 lacks toxA and nanB, but carries nanH. Furthermore, comparative analysis confirms the importance of capsule polysaccharides as a key virulence determinant in avian and hemorrhagic septicemia pathogenesis [56], supporting the genotypic profile observed herein.