TF analysis using iRegulon identified nine upstream regulators with high NESs, including SCRT2, CEBPZ, HOXC6, NFAT5, and ZBTB7A. These TFs collectively converged on BCL6, IL6R, and DUSP3, suggesting transcriptional coordination of shared immune responses in AF and ATH. This evidence concerns the gene DUSP3 and atrial fibrillation.