TNF and ventricular septal defect: The PaO2 at multiple time points after surgery in the TM + BC + VSD group were higher than those in the TM + BC and TM + VSD groups, while the activity status score, WBC and levels of PaCO2, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and TNF-α were lower than those in the TM + BC and TM + VSD groups.