While PLA2R represents the first identified specific target antigen, non-PLA2R-associated MN (as exemplified by this anti-PLA2R antibody-negative case) may involve alternative target antigens (e.g., THSD7A) or undefined immune complexes, yet consistently demonstrates the hallmark pathological features of chronic GBM damage and persistent immune complex deposition (11, 12). This evidence concerns the gene THSD7A and glioblastoma.