In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), meal timing reshapes gut microbial oscillations, influencing diurnal activation of the SIRT5–NF-κB inflammatory axis through Parabacteroides distasonis β-glucosidase–mediated release of glycitein, thereby driving time-of-day differences in immune activation (87). Here, NFKB1 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.