TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: When using NETs and related factors as the outcomes, the IVW analysis showed that RA had a causal association with neutrophil count (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.02, P = .02; Fig. 3A–D), TNF-α levels (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00–1.08, P = .04; Fig. 2E–H), IL-5 (OR = 1.06, 965% CI: 1.02–1.10, P = .004; Fig. 3E–H), IL-13 (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02–1.10, P = .002; Fig. 4A–D), and MPO (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00–1.07, P = .04; Fig. 4E–H).