IGF1R and Arthritis: In summary, BYHWD utilizes NF-κB/MAPKs as the inflammatory regulatory hub, HIF-1α-VEGF as the vascular/neural repair axis, and IGF1R-Bcl-2 as the metabolic/apoptotic balance pivot, forming a cascade therapeutic network of “synovitis regression microcirculation reconstruction → cartilage metabolism homeostasis recovery.” This model elucidates that TCM formulas break the vicious cycle of “hypoxia inflammation degeneration” in OA through multi-target spatiotemporal synergy, providing an integrated pharmacological paradigm for the treatment of complex arthritis.