Additionally, the results of clinical studies of Nrf2 activators in neurodegenerative diseases have been inconsistent, most likely because of genetic differences between individuals (e.g., NLRP3 or NFE2L2), the stage of the disease at intervention, and the differences between the complex pathology of human PD and toxin-based animal models. The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is Parkinson disease.