Further complicating our understanding of WNT-driven HCC is the selection of point mutations in exon 3 of CTNNB1 over other types of WNT pathway-activating mutation, such as APC truncations or RNF43/ZNRF3 loss8, that have nevertheless been shown to be tumorigenic in the mouse9–12. Here, CTNNB1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.