B cells expressing ELISA-validated insulin-binding BCRs showed upregulation of several genes involved in key B cell functions relative to clonally expanded, non-insulin-binding B cells, as well as non-clonally expanded T1D B cells from the same cluster, albeit in a non-statistically significant manner given the expected rarity of insulin-binding B cell clones captured per individual. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.