For example, in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), the RNA-binding protein ATXN3 associates with RNA Pol II and NHEJ core components to facilitate transcription-coupled DSB repair; mutant ATXN3 disrupts this interaction, compromising repair efficiency and promoting disease progression15. Here, ATXN3 is linked to Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.