CCL2 and Insulin resistance: Inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, IL-1, IL-17, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), contribute to the advancement of NAFLD by fostering insulin resistance, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis [39–43].