Additionally, Wu et al.(2025) [30] Additionally, Wu et al. demonstrated that in MAFLD-HCC mouse models, live A. muciniphila (5 × 109 CFU/200 μL) administered over eight weeks inhibits LPS influx, downregulates TLR2 and NF-κB, and reduces immunosuppressive M-MDSCs and M2 macrophages, while promoting the presence of Ly6c2-high monocytes, mast cells, and various immune effector cells. This evidence concerns the gene TLR2 and hepatocellular carcinoma.