TNFSF9 and tuberculosis: CD137 and/or CD137L Expression: A study by Fernández Do Porto et al (30) stimulated PBMCs with M. tb H37Rv whole-cell lysate antigens, prepared by probe sonication, from 40 healthy adults (BCG-vaccinated, QFT TB Gold-negative, HIV-uninfected) and 40 active TB patients, all of whom received less than one week of anti-TB therapy; this overnight stimulation induced CD137 expression on CD14+ monocytes and NK cells in both groups.