ISG15 and neoplasm: Specifically, vaccination promoted the activation of innate immune responses in tumor and myeloid cells, especially interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) (Isg15 ubiquitin-like modifier, Interferon regulatory factor 7, Ifit1, Ifit2, Ifit3 – Interferon-induced proteins, Oas1a, Oas2, Oas3 – 2’−5’-oligoadenylate synthetases and Rsad2 (Viperin)) (Figure 4 F).