While the CPX-LNP induced a modest decrease in tumor volume and mass, the p53-LNP and CPX/p53-LNP significantly delayed tumor growth by one-third of the PBS burden, demonstrating that for CAL-27 xenograft tumors, p53 mRNA and not CPX, is sufficient to diminish tumor burden (Figure 3H-I). Here, TP53 is linked to neoplasm.