At the same time, recent advances in pathology detection tools such as the development of RNA aptamers for pathological TDP-43 (57, 59) and FUS (70), along with cryptic exon BaseScopeTM probes for STMN-2 (59) and HDGFL2 (71), are empowering fundamental new discoveries in ALS. This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.