CTLA4 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: In a retrospective analysis of 99 stage IV HNSCC patients treated with PD-1 and/or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, they evaluated baseline PNI and BMI trends and found that higher baseline PNI was significantly associated with improved OS in both univariate and multivariate analyses (17).