DSS treatment significantly inhibited PPARγ, promoted STAT‐1 phosphorylation, inhibited STAT‐6 phosphorylation, increased iNOS expression, and decreased the expression of Arg‐1, Fizz 1, and Ym 1, suggesting that IBD promoted the polarization of macrophages toward the M1 type via the PPARγ/STAT‐1/STAT‐6 pathway. The gene discussed is ARG1; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.