These vesicles have been shown to convert tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) from an M2‐like, immunosuppressive phenotype into an M1‐like, proinflammatory state.[246] This repolarization is mechanistically associated with the induction of TNF‐α, IL‐6, and nitric oxide synthesis, reshaping the TME into a milieu that favors cytotoxic immune cell infiltration. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and neoplasm.