ADA and neoplasm: Concordant with former studies implanting other ADA–GEL compositions (Heltmann-Meyer et al., 2025), we were able to demonstrate that the pre-cross-linked ADA–GEL promotes neovascularization within the implantation chamber (Figure 11), which is essential for nutrient and gas supply as well as for mimicking the tumor microenvironment the tumor microenvironment.