BDNF and thanatophoric dysplasia: The neuroprotective properties of ARI, including its ability to reduce oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase), while enhancing glutathione levels and promoting the expression of neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Nrf2, and Akt) (Mohammadgholi-Beiki et al., 2025), may contribute to its therapeutic efficacy in TD.