GSTM1 and anemia: In this study, the prevalence of anemia among hospitalized HF patients was 47.8% in the full cohort (n = 557) and 51% in the analytic cohort with evaluable baseline Hb (n = 522), which is lower than several studies carried out in Japan among older patients at 65.7% [17], in Thailand at 62.6% [11], and in Italy at 59% among patients with HF [18].