As illustrated (Fig. 4A–B, Supplementary Table 5–2), IPF tissues exhibited elevated proportions of naïve B cells, memory B cells, plasma cells, resting CD4 memory T cells, activated CD4 memory T cells, follicular helper T cells, gamma delta T cells, resting dendritic cells, and resting mast cells. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.