Both OSA and AD cause neuroinflammation; while the mechanism for each pathology alone is thought to involve the activation of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), the NACHT-, LRR-, and pyrin (PYD)-domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, ASC speck formation, and astrocyte activation, the cellular interaction between these pathologies remains unclear [29–33]. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is Alzheimer disease.