The treatment with PYCR1-IN-1 markedly reduced the cell proliferation and the tumor spheroid size induced by the EGFR or TLR agonist in H1975 and HCC827 cells compared with cells treated with EGF or TLR agonists alone (Supplementary Fig. 11a–c, vehicle versus PYCR1-IN-1 in H1975, and Supplementary Fig. 12a–c, vehicle versus PYCR1-IN-1 in HCC827). The gene discussed is PYCR1; the disease is neoplasm.