The GSEA revealed that cancer-related gene modules were remarkably enriched in patients with upregulated TLR4, TLR2, TLR1 and PYCR1 (TLR4upTLR2upTLR1upPYCR1up) compared with patients with a downregulated expression of these markers (TLR4downTLR2downTLR1downPYCR1down) (Supplementary Fig. 5a–l). Here, TLR4 is linked to cancer.