Colony formation ability, assessed using both anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent assays, was also significantly diminished in PYCR1-KO lung cancer cells treated with EGF or TLR agonists (Fig. 6k–n, o–r, anchorage-dependent assays and anchorage-independent assays, respectively), indicating that PYCR1 enhances lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and colony formation in response to EGF or TLR stimulation. Here, PYCR1 is linked to lung carcinoma.