Multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms contribute to NK cells dysfunction in solid tumors, including inhibitory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, IL-8, PGE2, etc.)derived from tumor cells or myeloid-derived suppressor cells, high expression of inhibitory receptor ligands, or deficient expression of activating receptor ligands on tumor cells24,26,27,38. Here, CXCL8 is linked to neoplasm.