Patient factors were age, sex, malignant disease, diabetes, skin disease, hemodialysis, smoking, steroid and immunosuppressive drug use, BMI, albumin, total protein, CRP, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, and nasal culture, whereas surgery-related factors were re-operation, scheduled/emergency surgery, dural injury, number of fusion segments, fixation over the pelvis, vancomycin spray, operative time, and blood loss. Here, ALB is linked to diabetes mellitus.