Secretome profiling using the Luminex platform revealed that, in contrast to MDS HSPCs, MDS blasts induced inflammatory factors such as IL-1ɑ, MIP1, IL-1RA, while also suppressing key hematopoietic and angiogenic-support factors including CXCL12, VEGFA, and HGF (Supplementary Fig. 10B,C). Here, VEGFA is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.