In the secretome, the most striking observation was that CXCL12, along with other hematopoietic support factors such as M-CSF (CSF1), GM-CSF (CSF2) and CCL2, were strongly induced in the co-cultures with Control and CHIP-derived HSPCs but remained at baseline levels in co-cultures with MDS-derived HSPCs (Fig. 5H). Here, CSF1 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.