In particular, CD8+ T lymphocyte density has been inversely associated with cavernous sinus invasion and resistance to first-generation somatostatin analogs in somatotroph tumors, while CD68+ macrophage infiltration correlates with tumor size, invasiveness, and treatment response.61,62 Our work expands these observations that immune signatures may serve as biomarkers to predict tumor behavior and therapeutic outcomes, and their longitudinal assessment could complement hormonal monitoring during follow-up. Here, CD68 is linked to growth hormone-producing pituitary gland neoplasm.