ApoB lipoproteins can be taken up by Kupffer cells (KCs) in the liver, which then secrete factors that modulate atherosclerosis.41 However, none of the KC target genes identified in response to ApoB dyslipidaemia41 (C6, Folr2, Grn, Il18bp, Sdc3, Ifrd1, Nop58, and Socs2) were significantly altered between groups, and Themis2 was even down-regulated in BMT-transplanted mice (see Supplementary material online, Figure S11A). This evidence concerns the gene GRN and atherosclerosis.