Interestingly, our findings revealed that the cagA(+)/babA2(+)/vacAs1m2 combination was associated with a higher odds of peptic ulcer [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=5.53, 95% CI1.09–28.16, P=0.039] in male patients and chronic gastritis with precancerous lesions (aOR=5.31, 95% CI 1.23–22.89, P=0.025) in female patients (Table 5). The gene discussed is S100A8; the disease is Peptic ulcer.