PKM and atrial fibrillation: Previous studies have demonstrated MSRA’s multifaceted protective functions: suppressing pancreatic cancer metastasis by repairing oxidized methionine residues in PKM2 and preventing atrial fibrillation by mediating antioxidant therapies.[66, 67] Importantly, our finding that MSRA serves as a causal gene for butyrate metabolism provides novel evidence for its central role in regulating systemic redox homeostasis.