ATF3 and ischemic stroke: ATF3 is fully convinced as a stress‐associated transcription factor and is ubiquitously expressed in neurons and glial cells; and its expression in brain tissues were obviously up‐regulated in reaction to various stressors, including apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and ischemia/reperfusion at the state of spinal cord injury, ischemic stroke, or traumatic brain injury (Holland and Ramer 2023; Katz et al.