INS and diabetes mellitus: Regarding DM status and complications, SGLT2i users had higher rates of insulin use (33.56% vs. 20.15%, SMD = 0.3062), metformin use (95.53% vs. 68.47%, SMD = 0.7526), SU use (46.97% vs. 22.25%, SMD = 0.5382), and DPP-4 inhibitors use (35.96% vs. 19.63%, SMD = 0.3707), as well as a higher mean DCSI score (0.75 ± 1.06 vs. 0.65 ± 1.05, SMD = 0.1009).