INS and tuberculosis: After adjustments for covariates, including age, gender, other antidiabetic drug (including insulin use, metformin use, SU use, and DPP-4 inhibitors use), comorbidities, CCI group, and DCSI group, SGLT2i users continued to show a significantly lower incidence of TB, with adjusted HRs (AHR) of 0.49 (95% CI: 0.38–0.62) and 0.43 (95% CI: 0.33–0.56) before and after PS matching, respectively.