Concerning the second signal for the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, fungal infections induce ROS and phagosomal rupture with potassium (K+) efflux, which are recognized as cellular disturbances by the NLRP3 sensor and, in turn, activate caspase-1 and IL-1β cleavage (Fig. 4) (Saïd-Sadier et al, 2010; Gresnigt and van de Veerdonk, 2014; Pietrella et al, 2013; Guo et al, 2014; Tavares et al, 2015). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and fungal infectious disease.