It has been shown in endometrial cancer [27], esophageal cancer [28], liver cancer [29], and ovarian cancer [30] that the MDK - NCL signaling pathway affects the tumor immune environment through a variety of mechanisms, including promotion of immunosuppression, reduction of anti-tumor activity of immune cells, promotion of immune escape of tumor cells, and remodeling of tumor microenvironmental cytokine network, which ultimately favors tumor growth and proliferation. This evidence concerns the gene MDK and liver cancer.