This receptor is implicated in many of the long-term changes resulting from nicotine exposure during prenatal or early postnatal development (Heath et al., 2010), and the CHRNA5 gene coding for the α5 nAChR subunit is linked to nicotine addiction, schizophrenia, and effects of developmental nicotine exposure (Hong et al., 2011; Bailey et al., 2014). The gene discussed is CHRNA5; the disease is nicotine dependence.