In the cross-sectional analysis at baseline, increased ORs for low albumin levels were observed in the older age, men, high BMI, current smoking, frequent tofu intake, history of peptic ulcer, colon and liver cirrhosis, and proteinuria groups; decreased ORs were observed in low BMI, coffee intake, hypertension, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and history of fatty liver after adjusting for related factors (Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene ALB and peptic ulcer disease.