Treatment with 1,25-(OH)2D3 decreases intratumoral CD34+ progenitor cells in HNSCC patients, promotes their differentiation into dendritic cells, and increases intratumoral T-cell infiltration (43, 44), supporting further investigation of 1,25-(OH)2D3-mediated immunomodulation within the tumor microenvironment (42, 44, 45). The gene discussed is CD34; the disease is neoplasm.