AFP and neoplasm: Multivariate logistic regression analysis (Table 5) identified that male gender [OR = 3.44; 95% CI (1.71 ~ 6.90), P < 0.001], conversion regimen comprising TACE combined with targeted therapy and immunotherapy (P < 0.001), pre-treatment tumor diameter of 5–10 cm [OR = 2.31; 95% CI (1.21 ~ 4.44), P = 0.012], and shorter time to AFP normalization [OR = 0.97; 95% CI (0.96 ~ 0.98), P < 0.001] were independent predictors for achieving TRG1 status.