IFNA1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Using differentiated airway epithelial cells from healthy, COPD, and asthma subjects, Veerati and colleagues (109) assessed rhinovirus-induced innate immune responses by determining gene expression of IFN (type-I, II, and III), IFN response factors (IRF1, IRF3, and IRF7), TLR signaling and NF-κB and signal inducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) activation.