The promising therapeutic potential of aptamers was demonstrated in the phase 1/2 GLORIA trial (NCT04121455), where the PEGylated (attachment of polyethylene glycol) L-RNA aptamer NOX-A12 targeting CXCL12 improved radiotherapy effectiveness in O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)-unmethylated GBM. The gene discussed is MGMT; the disease is glioblastoma.