In Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma, microbiome dysbiosis predominantly involves increased colonization by gram-negative anaerobes, which metabolize bile acids and exacerbate inflammation through interleukin-8 (IL-8) mediated pathways (Sharma et al., 2022; Blackett et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and Barrett esophagus.