MUC16 and neoplasm: Biologically, SCC-Ag reflects squamous tumor burden and correlates with recurrence risk, CA125 captures mucin glycoprotein shedding and invasive phenotype, IL-6 drives STAT3-mediated tumor progression and radioresistance, and NLR integrates neutrophil-dominant inflammation versus lymphocyte-mediated anti-tumor immunity in cervical and other solid tumors (8, 13, 17, 21).