TNF and neoplasm: Similarly, the combination of evodiamine and anti–PD-1 therapy more effectively suppressed Lewis lung cancer growth by increasing CD8+ T cell infiltration in blood, tumor, and spleen, reducing Treg proportions, and promoting the secretion of cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Recombinant Granzyme B (GZMB), and Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (Jiang et al., 2020).