The inflammatory cascade is further amplified in AKI, where NET-mediated NLRP3 activation induces robust secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, intensifying renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and parenchymal destruction (Nakazawa et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2018). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is acute kidney injury.