In ischemic renal injury, NET-derived components such as cf-DNA and high-mobility group box 1 initiate NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome assembly via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling (Nakazawa et al., 2017; Huang et al., 2015). Here, TLR4 is linked to injury.