GPT and chronic kidney disease: As demonstrated in Supplementary Table S4, participants with TG/HDL-c ≥ 1.086 exhibited significantly higher levels of multiple clinical parameters compared to those with TG/HDL-c < 1.086, including age, BMI, liver enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT), lipid profiles (TG, TC), serum creatinine, uric acid, and mean arterial pressure—all established risk factors for CKD (64–66).