TAPCs, particularly in MSI-H CRC, are associated with favorable humoral responses and TLS density, yet their function may be suppressed by TGF-β and IL-10 in CMS4 tumors (Baker et al., 2009; Lin et al., 2020; Küçükköse et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and colorectal carcinoma.