For example, the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial (mean age 63 years, mean eGFR 74 ml/min/1.73 m2) in patients with diabetes and established cardiovascular disease, and the SCORED trial (median age 69 years, median eGFR 45 ml/min/1.73 m2) in patients with CKD and diabetes, with or without established cardiovascular disease, demonstrated consistent cardiovascular benefits across levels of eGFR and urine albumin:creatinine ratio. This evidence concerns the gene ALB and cardiovascular disorder.