Here, we demonstrate that neurons derived from MDS model mice and patient-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) exhibit morphological abnormalities, such as abnormal dendrite outgrowth, enlarged soma size, increased glutamatergic synapse density, and hyperactivation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. The gene discussed is MTOR; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.